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DES-3010F/G / DES-3018 / DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Spanning Tree
This Switch supports two versions of the Spanning Tree Protocol; 802.1d STP and 802.1w Rapid STP. 802.1d STP will be
familiar to most networking professionals. However, since 802.1w RSTP has been recently introduced to D-Link managed
Ethernet switches, a brief introduction to the technology is provided below followed by a description of how to set up
802.1d STP and 802.1w RSTP.
802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
The Switch implements two versions of the Spanning Tree Protocol, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as defined
by the IEEE 802.1w specification and a version compatible with the IEEE 802.1d STP. RSTP can operate with legacy
equipment implementing IEEE 802.1d, however the advantages of using RSTP will be lost.
The IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) evolved from the 802.1d STP standard. RSTP was developed in
order to overcome some limitations of STP that impede the function of some recent switching innovations, in particular,
certain Layer 3 functions that are increasingly handled by Ethernet switches. The basic function and much of the
terminology is the same as STP. Most of the settings configured for STP are also used for RSTP. This section introduces
some new Spanning Tree concepts and illustrates the main differences between the two protocols.
Port Transition States
An essential difference between the three protocols is in the way ports transition to a forwarding state and in the way this
transition relates to the role of the port (forwarding or not forwarding) in the topology. RSTP combines the transition states
disabled, blocking and listening used in 802.1d and creates a single state Discarding. In either case, ports do not forward
packets. In the STP port transition states disabled, blocking or listening or in the RSTP port state discarding, there is no
functional difference, the port is not active in the network topology. Table 6-2 below compares how the two protocols
differ regarding the port state transition.
All three protocols calculate a stable topology in the same way. Every segment will have a single path to the root bridge.
All bridges listen for BPDU packets. However, BPDU packets are sent more frequently - with every Hello packet. BPDU
packets are sent even if a BPDU packet was not received. Therefore, each link between bridges is sensitive to the status of
the link. Ultimately this difference results in faster detection of failed links, and thus faster topology adjustment. A draw-
back of 802.1d is this absence of immediate feedback from adjacent bridges.
802.1w RSTP 802.1d STP Forwarding Learning
Discarding Disabled No No
Discarding Blocking No No
Discarding Listening No No
Learning Learning No Yes
Forwarding Forwarding Yes Yes
Table 6- 2. Comparing Port States
RSTP is capable of a more rapid transition to a forwarding state - it no longer relies on timer configurations - RSTP
compliant bridges are sensitive to feedback from other RSTP compliant bridge links. Ports do not need to wait for the
topology to stabilize before transitioning to a forwarding state. In order to allow this rapid transition, the protocol
introduces two new variables: the edge port and the point-to-point (P2P) port.
Edge Port
The edge port is a configurable designation used for a port that is directly connected to a segment where a loop cannot be
created. An example would be a port connected directly to a single workstation. Ports that are designated as edge ports
transition to a forwarding state immediately without going through the listening and learning states. An edge port loses its
status if it receives a BPDU packet, immediately becoming a normal spanning tree port.
77
- Table of Contents 3
- Preface 8
- Intended Readers 9
- Notes, Notices, and Cautions 9
- Safety Instructions 10
- Products 11
- Introduction 13
- Ethernet Technology 15
- Rear Panel Description 17
- Side Panel Description 17
- Installation 18
- Power On 19
- The Optional Modules 20
- Connecting the Switch 22
- Switch to Hub or Switch 23
- Section 4 25
- Password Protection 29
- SNMP Settings 29
- IP Address Assignment 31
- Configuration 33
- Web-based User Interface 34
- Web Pages 36
- Administration 37
- IP Address 39
- Port Configurations 41
- Port Description 43
- User Accounts 44
- Admin and User Privileges 45
- Port Mirroring 46
- System Log Servers 47
- SNTP Settings 49
- Time Zone and DST 50
- TFTP Services 52
- Ping Test 52
- SNMP Manager 53
- SNMP User Table 54
- SNMP View Table 56
- SNMP Group Table 57
- SNMP Community Table 59
- SNMP Host Table 60
- SNMP Engine ID 61
- D-Link Single IP Management 62
- SIM Using the Web Interface 63
- Forwarding & Filtering 64
- Multicast Forwarding 65
- L2 Features 66
- 802.1Q VLAN Tags 67
- Tagging and Untagging 68
- Ingress Filtering 69
- Default VLANs 69
- VLAN Segmentation 69
- VLAN and Trunk Groups 70
- Static VLAN Entry 71
- Link Aggregation 73
- IGMP Snooping 75
- Static Router Ports 77
- Spanning Tree 78
- STP Bridge Global Settings 79
- STP Port Settings 81
- Section 8 83
- Understanding QoS 84
- Bandwidth Control 86
- 802.1p Default Priority 87
- 802.1p User Priority 88
- QoS Scheduling Mechanism 88
- QoS Output Scheduling 89
- Security 90
- Port Security 92
- Port Lock Entries 93
- Authentication Server 95
- Authenticator 95
- Authentication Process 97
- Access Control 98
- Ethernet Switch 99
- Local Users 102
- Port Capability 102
- RADIUS Server 106
- Trusted Host 108
- Traffic Segmentation 108
- Monitoring 110
- Port Utilization 111
- Packets 112
- UMB Cast (RX) 114
- Transmitted (TX) 116
- Received (RX) 118
- Packet Size 122
- MAC Address 124
- Switch History Log 126
- IGMP Snooping Group 127
- Browse Router Port 128
- Browse ARP Table 128
- Session Table 128
- Port Access Control 129
- RADIUS Accounting 131
- Authenticator Diagnostics 132
- Authenticator Statistics 135
- Authenticator State 137
- Reboot System 140
- Save Changes 140
- Appendix A 141
- General 142
- Performance 142
- Appendix B 143
- Appendix C 144
- Glossary 145
- Warranties and Registration 147
- FCC Warning 149
- General Terms 153
- Allgemeine Bedingungen 154
- Conditions Générales 155
- Condiciones generales 156
- Limitazione della Garanzia 157
- Periodo di garanzia 157
- Garante 157
- Technical Support 158
- Техническая поддержка 165
- Asistencia Técnica 166
- Suporte Técnico 167
- Technische Unterstützung 171
- Assistance technique 172
- Supporto tecnico 174
- Pomoc techniczna 176
- Technická podpora 177
- Technikai Támogatás 178
- Teknisk Support 179
- Teknistä tukea asiakkaille 181
- Suomessa: 181
- International Offices 184
- Registration Card 185
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